HOME HELP CONTACT US SUBSCRIPTIONS CME ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Full Text (PDF) Rapid Responses: Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when Rapid Responses are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services E-mail this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to My File Cabinet Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via CrossRef Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Kelsch, R. C. Articles by Sedman, A. B. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Kelsch, R. C. Articles by Sedman, A. B.

Nephrotic Syndrome

Renal disease of glomerular origin has three major clinical presentations: asymptomatic hematuria and/or proteinuria; acute nephritic syndrome, characterized by the sudden onset of hematuria, edema, hypertension, and azotemia; and nephrotic syndrome (NS), characterized by the insidious onset of edema with massive proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. Hypercholesterolemia is considered a traditional part of the nephrotic complex, but its presence is not of diagnostic value.

NS may be primary or secondary. The term "primary" indicates that the disease is limited to the kidney and is of unknown etiology. Secondary NS is present when the disease has extrarenal manifestations not dependent on the renal abnormality or has a specific etiology. Table 1 provides a general classification with some prominent or typical examples in each category. This review will focus on primary NS and nephroticrange proteinuria in children. Patients with primary NS may have a variety of histopathologic descriptions, the most common of which are listed in Table 2. It is important, however, to keep in mind that different patients having renal diseases with identical etiology, histology, and therapeutic implications initially may present with any of the three major clinical patterns.

Epidemiology

The annual incidence of NS during the middle of the 20th century in western New York State was 4.4 cases per 100,000 children between 1 and 6 years of age and 2.0 cases per 100,000 children between 1 and 16 years of age.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				L. P. Yao and T. L. Cheng Nephrotic Syndrome Pediatr. Rev., December 1, 2000; 21(12): 432 - 433. [Full Text]

				A. R. Constantinescu, H. B. Shah, E. F. Foote, and L. S. Weiss Predicting First-Year Relapses in Children With Nephrotic Syndrome Pediatrics, March 1, 2000; 105(3): 492 - 495. [Abstract] [Full Text]