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Erythema Infectiosum (Fifth Disease)

Erythema infectiosum (EI), also known as fifth disease, is one of the most common childhood exanthems. The condition first was described by Tschamer in 1889 and initially was thought to be a manifestation of rubella. It is seen most often in children ages 4 to 15 years and has peak incidences in winter and spring. It can present in focal outbreaks or in community-wide epidemics, which can last from 3 to 6 months. Infection rates of 20% to 50% have been noted in families and classrooms.

The condition was termed fifth disease because of the numerical designation it originally was given (following measles, scarlet fever, rubella, and Filatov-Dukes disease, now regarded as a mild atypical form of scarlet fever).

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