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Herpes Simplex Virus Infections

Editors: Anne Gershon, MD.

Case Report

A term female developed fever and tachypnea and had a transient episode of poor color and tone on the third day of life. She was delivered by cesarean section 5 hours after rupture of membranes to a 19-year-old, gravida 4, para 0 mother whose serology was negative for syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and hepatitis B surface antigen. The mother had no history of sexually transmitted diseases. Apgar scores were 8 at 1 minute and 9 at 10 minutes. When the infant was admitted to the nursery, scalp abrasions were noticed by the nurse. On the third day of life, a sepsis evaluation was initiated, and the infant received ampicillin and gentamicin intravenously: no bacterial infection was found. On the fifth day of life, vesicular lesions were noticed on her scalp. Bilateral interstitial infiltrates were present On chest radiograph and laboratory studies revealed mild elevations in liver function tests. There were no cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities. She was started on intravenous acyclovir, and herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 subsequently was isolated from both her pharynx and scalp lesions. After receiving intravenous acyclovir for 3 weeks, she was discharged with no evidence of residual sequelae. Four days after acyclovir was discontinued, new scalp vesicles appeared and the infant developed a temperature of 38.8°C (102°F).

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				J. S. Burgos, C. Ramirez, F. Guzman-Sanchez, J. M. Alfaro, I. Sastre, and F. Valdivieso Hematogenous Vertical Transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Mice J. Virol., March 15, 2006; 80(6): 2823 - 2831. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]