Pediatrics in Review
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(Pediatrics in Review. 2007;28:474-476.)
© 2007 American Academy of Pediatrics

In Brief

Cystitis

The first 300 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Urinary Tract Infections Among Adolescents. Bonny AE, Brouhard BH. Adolesc Med. 2006;16 :149 –161 Pediatric Urinary Tract Infections. Chang SL, Shortliffe LM. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2006;53 :379 –400[CrossRef][Medline] Urinary Tract Infections: Management Rationale for Uncomplicated Cystitis. Llenderrozos HJ. Clin Fam Pract. 2004;6 :175[CrossRef] Urinary Tract Infection in Children: Etiology and Epidemiology. Ma JF, Shortliffe LM. Urol Clin North Am. 2004;31 :517 –526[CrossRef][Medline] Urinary Tract Infection in Children: Treatment. Malhotra SM, Kennedy WA II. Urol Clin North Am. 2004;31 :527 –534[CrossRef][Medline]

Urinary tract infection (UTI), when left undiagnosed, can lead to renal damage and dysfunction. Understanding how to diagnose, manage, and follow up a UTI is crucial to preventing such consequences.

UTI may be classified as cystitis/pyelonephritis, first/recurrent infection, or complicated/uncomplicated infection. Infections are considered complicated with the following factors: functional or anatomic abnormality of the urinary tract, an indwelling urinary catheter, recent urinary tract instrumentation, male sex, pregnancy, recent antibiotic use, or immunosuppression. Although the focus of this In Brief is on uncomplicated cystitis, it is important to understand the risk factors for recurrence and complications when evaluating a child who has cystitis for the first time. In teenagers, uncomplicated cystitis is associated most commonly with sexual activity, and counseling is imperative to prevent future infections.

Although the overall prevalence of UTI in febrile infants is approximately 5%, certain children are more at risk than others. Risk factors for UTI in a young child include sex (girls > boys), age (boys <1 years of age, girls <5 years of age), race (white > African American), circumcision (infant boys not circumcised > those circumcised), first-degree relative who has a history of recurrent UTIs, recent antibiotic use, catheterization, immunocompromise (renal transplantation, acquired . . . [Full Text of this Article]


Gabriella Azzarone, MD
Sheila Liewehr, MD
Katherine O'Connor, MD
 Children's Hospital at Montefiore
Bronx, NY

Henry M. Adam, MD, Editor, In Brief




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Copyright © 2007 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.