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(Pediatrics in Review. 2008;29:e50-e51.)
© 2008 American Academy of Pediatrics

In Brief

In Brief

Hypokalemia

The first 20% of the full text of this article appears below.

Fluid and Electrolytes: Clinical Aspects. Hellerstein S. Pediatr Rev.1993 ;17 :103 –115 Potassium Homeostasis and Hypokalemia. Linshaw MA. Pediatr Clin North Am.1987 ;34 :649 –681[Medline] Disorders of Potassium. Schaefer TJ, Wolford RW. Emerg Med Clin North Am.2005 ;23 :723 –747[CrossRef][Medline]

Potassium, the most abundant cation in the intracellular space, is involved in a number of homeostatic processes, including regulation of cellular metabolism and maintenance of intracellular volume and cellular resting membrane potential. Proper functioning of all tissues, especially muscles and nerves, depends on normal concentrations of potassium.

Potassium concentrations are regulated principally by the kidneys, which secrete or reabsorb potassium in response to various signals. Aldosterone is the primary hormone regulating potassium excretion, but other agents and processes also affect it. Glucocorticoids, antidiuretic hormone, high urinary flow rate, and increased sodium delivery to the distal nephron increase potassium excretion; insulin and catecholamines decrease its excretion. Insulin and catecholamines also increase the cellular . . . [Full Text of this Article]


Treva Caraway Ingram, MD
John M. Olsson, MD
 Brody School of Medicine
East Carolina University
Greenville, NC





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