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- Iman Sharif, MD, MPH
- Children’s Hospital at Montefiore
Bronx, NY
Osteomyelitis is a common bacterial infection of the bone that accounts for about 1% of all pediatric hospitalizations. In infants and young children, the infection usually results from hematogenous spread and involves the metaphyses of long bones, most often the tibia or femur. The most common organisms causing infection in neonates are group B streptococci and Escherichia coli. A septic joint is involved in about 50% of cases among neonates. Beyond the neonatal period, the most common organisms causing osteomyelitis are Staphylococcus aureus, group A streptococci, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. Although joint involvement can occur, it is rare beyond the neonatal period. Among children who have sickle cell disease, the pathogenic organism most commonly is Salmonella sp.
Osteomyelitis also occurs when bacteria invade directly into bone or spread from a contiguous focus of infection, usually following trauma or a puncture wound. S aureus is the organism associated most commonly with focal, traumatic osteomyelitis, but puncture …
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