Skip to main content

Advertising Disclaimer »

Main menu

  • Journals
    • Pediatrics
    • Hospital Pediatrics
    • Pediatrics in Review
    • NeoReviews
    • AAP Grand Rounds
    • AAP News
  • Authors
    • Submit Manuscript
    • Author Guidelines
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Complete Issue PDF
    • Archive
    • Topic/Program Collections
    • Blog
  • Multimedia
    • Teaching Slides
    • Pediatrics On Call Podcast
  • CME/MOC
    • CME Quizzes
    • MOC Claiming
  • Subscribe
  • Alerts
  • Careers
  • Other Publications
    • American Academy of Pediatrics

User menu

  • Log in

Search

  • Advanced search
American Academy of Pediatrics

AAP Gateway

Advanced Search

AAP Logo

  • Log in
  • Journals
    • Pediatrics
    • Hospital Pediatrics
    • Pediatrics in Review
    • NeoReviews
    • AAP Grand Rounds
    • AAP News
  • Authors
    • Submit Manuscript
    • Author Guidelines
  • Content
    • Current Issue
    • Complete Issue PDF
    • Archive
    • Topic/Program Collections
    • Blog
  • Multimedia
    • Teaching Slides
    • Pediatrics On Call Podcast
  • CME/MOC
    • CME Quizzes
    • MOC Claiming
  • Subscribe
  • Alerts
  • Careers
American Academy of Pediatrics
Article

Parathyroid Disorders

Morri E. Markowitz, Lisa Underland and Robert Gensure
Pediatrics in Review December 2016, 37 (12) 524-535; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.2015-0076
Morri E. Markowitz
*Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Lisa Underland
*Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Robert Gensure
*Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • Comments
  • Quiz
Loading

This article requires a subscription to view the full text. If you have a subscription you may use the login form below to view the article. Access to this article can also be purchased.

Download PDF
  1. Morri E. Markowitz, MD*
  2. Lisa Underland, MD*
  3. Robert Gensure, MD*
  1. *Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
  • AUTHOR DISCLOSURE

    Drs Markowitz, Underland, and Gensure have disclosed no financial relationships relevant to this article. This commentary does not contain discussion of an unapproved/investigative use of a commercial product/device.

Practice Gap

Hypocalcemia is not uncommon in pediatric practice, but hypercalcemia is. Clinicians should improve their ability to recognize the variants in the differential diagnosis related to parathyroid diseases.

Objectives

After completing this article, readers should be able to:

  1. Describe the differential diagnosis of parathyroid diseases that result in hyper- and hypocalcemia.

  2. Delineate the approach to making the diagnosis of parathyroid diseases and necessary therapies.

Introduction

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a peptide hormone that is the primary regulator of calcium concentrations in the bloodstream. PTH is released in response to a variety of signals, most importantly in response to low serum calcium concentrations. As a true hormone, it travels through the bloodstream to target tissues, primarily in the bone and kidney, where it has a variety of effects that serve to increase serum calcium, thus providing a correction for the original stimulus for release. PTH serves as an important regulator of bone turnover and in different settings can have either anabolic or catabolic effects in bone. Although PTH can mobilize phosphorus and calcium in bone, it also increases phosphate excretion, resulting in a net lowering of phosphate concentrations in the bloodstream. Given its central role in this important homeostatic process, a number of disorders are caused by abnormalities of PTH function.

Biochemistry

PTH is an 84-amino acid protein, with the first 34 amino acids being essential for full activity. (1) PTH signals through a G-protein-coupled receptor. (1) PTH shares this receptor with another peptide, PTH-related peptide (PTHrP), which is a paracrine factor that has important functions throughout the body, including regulation of the growth plates. That 2 peptides share the same receptor becomes important when …

Individual Login

Log in
You will be redirected to aap.org to login or to create your account.

Institutional Login

via Institution

You may be able to gain access using your login credentials for your institution. Contact your librarian or administrator if you do not have a username and password.

Log in through your institution

If your organization uses OpenAthens, you can log in using your OpenAthens username and password. To check if your institution is supported, please see this list. Contact your library for more details.

Pay Per Article - You may access this article (from the computer you are currently using) for 2 days for US$25.00

Regain Access - You can regain access to a recent Pay per Article purchase if your access period has not yet expired.

Offer Reprints

PreviousNext
Back to top

Advertising Disclaimer »

In this issue

Pediatrics in Review: 37 (12)
Pediatrics in Review
Vol. 37, Issue 12
1 Dec 2016
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • About the Cover
  • Index by author
  • Complete Issue (PDF)
View this article with LENS
PreviousNext
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on American Academy of Pediatrics.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Parathyroid Disorders
(Your Name) has sent you a message from American Academy of Pediatrics
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Academy of Pediatrics web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Request Permissions
Article Alerts
Log in
You will be redirected to aap.org to login or to create your account.
Or Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Citation Tools
Parathyroid Disorders
Morri E. Markowitz, Lisa Underland, Robert Gensure
Pediatrics in Review Dec 2016, 37 (12) 524-535; DOI: 10.1542/pir.2015-0076

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Quiz
Share
Parathyroid Disorders
Morri E. Markowitz, Lisa Underland, Robert Gensure
Pediatrics in Review Dec 2016, 37 (12) 524-535; DOI: 10.1542/pir.2015-0076
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo CiteULike logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
Print
Download PDF
Insight Alerts
  • Table of Contents

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Practice Gap
    • Objectives
    • Introduction
    • Biochemistry
    • Regulation
    • Biological Effects
    • Hypoparathyroidism
    • Hyperparathyroidism
    • References
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • Comments
  • Quiz

Related Articles

  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Review of Scabies Infestation and Selected Common Cutaneous Infections
  • Pediatric Ingestions: New High-Risk Household Hazards
  • Iron Deficiency: Implications Before Anemia
Show more Article

Similar Articles

Subjects

  • Medical Education
    • Medical Education
    • Journal CME
  • Endocrinology
    • Metabolic Disorders
    • Endocrinology
  • Journal Info
  • Editorial Board
  • ABP Content Specifications Map
  • Overview
  • Licensing Information
  • Authors
  • Author Guidelines
  • Submit My Manuscript
  • Librarians
  • Institutional Subscriptions
  • Usage Stats
  • Support
  • Contact Us
  • Subscribe
  • Resources
  • Media Kit
  • About
  • International Access
  • Terms of Use
  • Privacy Statement
  • FAQ
  • AAP.org
  • shopAAP
  • Follow American Academy of Pediatrics on Instagram
  • Visit American Academy of Pediatrics on Facebook
  • Follow American Academy of Pediatrics on Twitter
  • Follow American Academy of Pediatrics on Youtube
American Academy of Pediatrics

© 2021 American Academy of Pediatrics